![]() ![]() On 2 July 1870, Bismarck made a public declaration in which he announced the renewed candidacy of Prince Leopold. The French Emperor remained convinced that the House of Hohenzollern was still determined to assume the Spanish crown. The former sought to provoke France into war, as he was convinced of Prussia’s military superiority and believed that the confrontation was necessary in order to facilitate German unification. Bismarck was in favour of this appointment, but Napoleon III, since he could not accept the prospect of a Hohenzollern on both his southern and eastern borders, was unfavourable to the prince’s candidacy, as was Wilhelm I, who did not wish at that time to poison Franco-Prussian relations.ĭespite Leopold’s public renunciation of the Spanish throne, neither Bismarck nor Napoleon III could leave the matter. The Spanish government offered him the crown after the abdication of Isabella II in 1868. Tension between the two states was exacerbated by the proposed candidacy of Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern (1835-1905) – a relative of King Wilhelm I – for the Spanish throne. The candidacy of the Hohenzollern prince for the Spanish throneĭespite its significant financial difficulties, France was determined to stop Prussia’s rise to power. The French Emperor was concerned about Prussia’s increase in power and sought to reform his army, which had become a shadow of its former self. In 1859, France had barely scraped a victory against the Austrian Empire in Northern Italy (the piedmontese allied to Prussia at the time) and had been humiliated by the Mexican fiasco of 1867. As well as these political problems, the regime also had military concerns. ![]() This sénatus-consulte also introduced the responsibility of the government to the Emperor. The legislative body was given the right to initiate laws as well as the right of interpellation, while the Senate became a real legislative chamber. Napoleon III – who had lost the support of the working-class electorate – decided to change the organs of power by the sénatus-consulte( A feature of law during the First and Second French Empires – an act with the force of law decided on by the Sénat) of 8 September 1869. The Republican opposition to the imperial regime was strengthened in the legislative elections of May 1869, although it was ultimately defeated by the Bonapartists. Meanwhile, the French Empire was experiencing constitutional and institutional renewal. The southern German states still had reservations about this vision, but their economic and military ties to the north played into Prussia’s hands. The path was cleared for Prussia’s vision of German unification. ![]() Following its defeat in the war against Prussia, Austria lost its status as the dominant power in German-speaking lands and formed the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to be ruled by the House of Habsburg. Wilhelm I was named president of the new confederation and Otto von Bismarck its chancellor. On 23 August 1866, they signed the Treaty of Prague, which saw the dissolution of the German Confederation in favour of the North German Confederation. It had a modern, experienced army at its disposal. 1864 saw a Prussian victory in Second Schleswig War, followed by another against Austria at Sadowa on 3 July 1866. The emergence of Prussia as a hegemonic powerĪt the dawn of 1870, Prussia (under the rule of King Wilhelm I) was emerging as a hegemonic power in Europe. Const nextState = useNext ( state ) useEffect ( ( ) => export default function useReducerPromise ( reducer. ![]()
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